PSYCHOMETRIC
FAMILY
COUNSELLING
A Kenezian Approach
PSYCHOMETRIC FAMILY COUNSELLING
A Kenezian Lecturer’s Overview of Psychometrics as a Science
My dear students, please always click on each blue word to get more encyclopaedic
information.
GENERAL
OVERVIEW
Psychometrics is the field of study
concerned with the theory and technique of psychological
measurement,
which includes the measurement of knowledge, abilities, attitudes, personality
traits, and educational measurement. The field is
primarily concerned with the construction and validation of measurement
instruments such as questionnaires, tests, and personality assessments.
It involves two major research tasks, namely: (i) the construction of
instruments and procedures for measurement; and (ii) the development and
refinement of theoretical approaches to measurement. Those who practice
psychometrics are known as psychometricians. All psychometricians possess a
specific psychometric qualification, and while many are clinical psychologists,
others work as human resources or learning and development professionals.
THE FOLLOWING IS JUST AN ELEMENTARY INTRODUCTION TO THE SUBJECT
FOR NEOPHYTE STUDENTS BY
Dr Jideofo Kenechukwu Danmbaezue, D.Sc.
CONTENTS AND
SUBHEADINGS
- 1 19th century foundation
- 2 Definition of measurement in
the social sciences
- 3 Instruments and procedures
- 4 Theoretical approaches
- 5 Standards of quality
- 6 Non-human psychometrics:
animals and machines
- 7 See also
- 8 References
- 9 Further reading
- 10 External links
19TH CENTURY FOUNDATION
Psychological testing has come from two streams of thought: one, from
Darwin, Galton, and Cattell on the measurement of individual differences, and
the second, from Herbart, Weber, Fechner, and Wundt and their psychophysical
measurements of a similar construct. The second set of individuals and their
research is what has led to the development of experimental psychology, and
standardized testing.[1]
Victorian stream
Charles
Darwin was the inspiration behind Sir Francis Galton who led to the creation of psychometrics.
In 1859, Charles Darwin published his book "The Origin of Species", which pertained
to individual differences in animals. This book discussed how individual
members in a species differ and how they possess characteristics that are more
adaptive and successful or less adaptive and less successful. Those who are
adaptive and successful are the ones that survive and give way to the next
generation, who would be just as or more adaptive and successful. This idea,
studied previously in animals, led to Galton's interest and study of human
beings and how they differ one from another, and more importantly, how to
measure those differences.
Galton wrote a book entitled "Hereditary Genius" about different
characteristics that people possess and how those characteristics make them
more "fit" than others. Today these differences, such as sensory and
motor functioning (reaction time, visual acuity, and physical strength) are
important domains of scientific psychology. Much of the early theoretical and
applied work in psychometrics was undertaken in an attempt to measure intelligence. Francis
Galton, often referred to as "the father of psychometrics,"
devised and included mental tests among his anthropometric
measures. James McKeen Cattell, who is considered a pioneer of psychometrics
went on to extend Galton's work. Cattell also coined the term mental test,
and is responsible for the research and knowledge which ultimately led to the
development of modern tests. (Kaplan & Saccuzzo, 2010)
German stream
The origin of psychometrics also has connections to the related field of psychophysics.
Around the same time that Darwin, Galton, and Cattell were making their
discoveries, J.E. Herbart was also interested in "unlocking
the mysteries of human consciousness" through the scientific method.
(Kaplan & Saccuzzo, 2010) Herbart was responsible for creating mathematical
models of the mind, which were influential in educational practices in years to
come.
Following Herbart, E.H. Weber built upon Herbart's work and tried to prove
the existence of a psychological threshold saying that a minimum stimulus was
necessary to activate a sensory system. After Weber, G.T. Fechner expanded upon
the knowledge he gleaned from Herbart and Weber, to devise the law that the
strength of a sensation grows as the logarithm of the stimulus intensity. A
follower of Weber and Fechner, Wilhelm Wundt is credited with founding the
science of psychology. It is Wundt's influence that paved the way for others to
develop psychological testing.[1]
20th century
The psychometrician L. L. Thurstone, founder and first president of the
Psychometric Society in 1936, developed and applied a theoretical approach to
measurement referred to as the law of comparative judgment, an
approach that has close connections to the psychophysical theory of Ernst Heinrich Weber and Gustav
Fechner. In addition, Spearman and Thurstone both made important
contributions to the theory and application of factor
analysis, a statistical method developed and used extensively in
psychometrics.[citation needed] In the late
1950s, Leopold Szondi made an historical and
epistemological assessment of the impact of statistical thinking onto
psychology during previous few decades: "in the last decades, the
specifically psychological thinking has been almost completely suppressed and
removed, and replaced by a statistical thinking. Precisely here we see the
cancer of testology and testomania of today."[2]
More recently, psychometric theory has been applied in the measurement of personality,
attitudes, and beliefs, and academic achievement. Measurement of these
unobservable phenomena is difficult, and much of the research and accumulated
science in this discipline has been developed in an attempt to properly define
and quantify such phenomena. Critics, including practitioners in the physical
sciences and social activists, have argued that such definition and
quantification is impossibly difficult, and that such measurements are often
misused, such as with psychometric personality tests used in employment
procedures:
"For example, an
employer wanting someone for a role requiring consistent attention to
repetitive detail will probably not want to give that job to someone who is
very creative and gets bored easily."[3]
Figures who made significant contributions to psychometrics include Karl
Pearson, Henry F. Kaiser, Carl
Brigham, L. L. Thurstone, Georg Rasch,
Eugene
Galanter, Johnson O'Connor, Frederic
M. Lord, Ledyard R Tucker, Arthur
Jensen, and David Andrich.
Definition of measurement in the social
sciences
The definition of measurement in the social sciences has a long history. A
currently widespread definition, proposed by Stanley Smith Stevens (1946), is that
measurement is "the assignment of numerals to objects or events according
to some rule." This definition was introduced in the paper in which
Stevens proposed four levels of measurement. Although widely
adopted, this definition differs in important respects from the more classical
definition of measurement adopted in the physical sciences, which is that measurement
is the numerical estimation and expression of the magnitude of one quantity
relative to another (Michell, 1997).
Indeed, Stevens's definition of measurement was put forward in response to
the British Ferguson Committee, whose chair, A. Ferguson, was a physicist. The
committee was appointed in 1932 by the British Association for the Advancement
of Science to investigate the possibility of quantitatively estimating sensory
events. Although its chair and other members were physicists, the committee
also included several psychologists. The committee's report highlighted the
importance of the definition of measurement. While Stevens's response was to
propose a new definition, which has had considerable influence in the field,
this was by no means the only response to the report. Another, notably
different, response was to accept the classical definition, as reflected in the
following statement:
Measurement in
psychology and physics are in no sense different. Physicists can measure when
they can find the operations by which they may meet the necessary criteria;
psychologists have but to do the same. They need not worry about the mysterious
differences between the meaning of measurement in the two sciences. (Reese,
1943, p. 49)
These divergent responses are reflected in alternative approaches to
measurement. For example, methods based on covariance
matrices are typically employed on the premise that numbers, such as raw
scores derived from assessments, are measurements. Such approaches implicitly
entail Stevens's definition of measurement, which requires only that numbers
are assigned according to some rule. The main research task, then, is
generally considered to be the discovery of associations between scores, and of
factors posited to underlie such associations.
On the other hand, when measurement models such as the Rasch model
are employed, numbers are not assigned based on a rule. Instead, in keeping
with Reese's statement above, specific criteria for measurement are stated, and
the goal is to construct procedures or operations that provide data that meet
the relevant criteria. Measurements are estimated based on the models, and
tests are conducted to ascertain whether the relevant criteria have been met.
INSTRUMENTS AND PROCEDURES
The first psychometric instruments were designed to measure the concept of intelligence. The best known historical
approach involved the Stanford-Binet IQ test, developed originally
by the French psychologist Alfred Binet. Intelligence tests are useful tools for
various purposes. An alternative conception of intelligence is that cognitive
capacities within individuals are a manifestation of a general component, or general intelligence factor, as well as
cognitive capacity specific to a given domain.
Psychometrics is applied widely in educational assessment to measure
abilities in domains such as reading, writing, and mathematics. The main
approaches in applying tests in these domains have been Classical Test Theory
and the more recent Item Response Theory and Rasch
measurement models. These latter approaches permit joint scaling of persons and
assessment items, which provides a basis for mapping of developmental continua
by allowing descriptions of the skills displayed at various points along a
continuum. Such approaches provide powerful information regarding the nature of
developmental growth within various domains.
Another major focus in psychometrics has been on personality
testing. There have been a range of theoretical approaches to conceptualizing
and measuring personality. Some of the better known instruments include the Minnesota Multiphasic
Personality Inventory, the Five-Factor Model (or "Big
5") and tools such as Personality and Preference
Inventory and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.
Attitudes have also been studied extensively using psychometric approaches.
A common method in the measurement of attitudes is the use of the Likert
scale. An alternative method involves the application of unfolding
measurement models, the most general being the Hyperbolic Cosine Model (Andrich
& Luo, 1993).
THEORETICAL APPROACHES
Psychometricians have developed a number of different measurement theories.
These include classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT).[4][5] An
approach which seems mathematically to be similar to IRT but also quite
distinctive, in terms of its origins and features, is represented by the Rasch model
for measurement. The development of the Rasch model, and the broader class of
models to which it belongs, was explicitly founded on requirements of
measurement in the physical sciences.[6]
Psychometricians have also developed methods for working with large
matrices of correlations and covariances. Techniques in this general tradition
include: factor analysis,[7] a
method of determining the underlying dimensions of data; multidimensional scaling,[8] a
method for finding a simple representation for data with a large number of
latent dimensions; and data clustering, an approach to finding objects
that are like each other. All these multivariate descriptive methods try to
distill large amounts of data into simpler structures. More recently, structural equation modeling[9] and
path analysis represent more
sophisticated approaches to working with large covariance matrices. These
methods allow statistically sophisticated models to be fitted to data and
tested to determine if they are adequate fits.
One of the main deficiencies in various factor analyses is a lack of
consensus in cutting points for determining the number of latent factors. A
usual procedure is to stop factoring when eigenvalues drop below one because
the original sphere shrinks. The lack of the cutting points concerns other
multivariate methods, also.[citation needed]
Key concepts
Key concepts in classical test theory are reliability and validity. A reliable measure is one that
measures a construct consistently across time, individuals, and situations. A
valid measure is one that measures what it is intended to measure. Reliability
is necessary, but not sufficient, for validity.
Both reliability and validity can be assessed statistically. Consistency
over repeated measures of the same test can be assessed with the Pearson
correlation coefficient, and is often called test-retest reliability.[10]
Similarly, the equivalence of different versions of the same measure can be
indexed by a Pearson correlation, and is called equivalent forms reliability
or a similar term.[10]
Internal consistency, which addresses the homogeneity of a single test
form, may be assessed by correlating performance on two halves of a test, which
is termed split-half reliability; the value of this Pearson product-moment
correlation coefficient for two half-tests is adjusted with the Spearman–Brown prediction formula
to correspond to the correlation between two full-length tests.[10]
Perhaps the most commonly used index of reliability is Cronbach's
α, which is equivalent to the mean of all possible split-half coefficients.
Other approaches include the intra-class correlation, which is the ratio
of variance of measurements of a given target to the variance of all targets.
There are a number of different forms of validity. Criterion-related
validity can be assessed by correlating a measure with a criterion measure
known to be valid. When the criterion measure is collected at the same time as
the measure being validated the goal is to establish concurrent validity; when the criterion is
collected later the goal is to establish predictive validity. A measure has construct validity if it is related to
measures of other constructs as required by theory. Content
validity is a demonstration that the items of a test are drawn from the
domain being measured. In a personnel selection example, test content is based
on a defined statement or set of statements of knowledge, skill, ability, or
other characteristics obtained from a job
analysis.
Item response theory models the relationship
between latent
traits and responses to test items. Among other advantages, IRT provides a
basis for obtaining an estimate of the location of a test-taker on a given
latent trait as well as the standard error of measurement of that location. For
example, a university student's knowledge of history can be deduced from his or
her score on a university test and then be compared reliably with a high school
student's knowledge deduced from a less difficult test. Scores derived by
classical test theory do not have this characteristic, and assessment of actual
ability (rather than ability relative to other test-takers) must be assessed by
comparing scores to those of a "norm group" randomly selected from
the population. In fact, all measures derived from classical test theory are
dependent on the sample tested, while, in principle, those derived from item
response theory are not.
Standards of quality
The considerations of validity and reliability typically are viewed as
essential elements for determining the quality of any test. However, professional and
practitioner associations frequently have placed these concerns within broader
contexts when developing standards and making overall judgments about
the quality of any test as a whole within a given context. A consideration of
concern in many applied research settings is whether or not the metric of a
given psychological inventory is meaningful or arbitrary.[11]
Testing standards
In this field, the Standards for
Educational and Psychological Testing[12]
place standards about validity and reliability, along with errors
of measurement and related considerations under the general topic of test
construction, evaluation and documentation. The second major topic covers
standards related to fairness in testing, including fairness in
testing and test use, the rights and responsibilities of test takers, testing
individuals of diverse linguistic
backgrounds, and testing individuals with disabilities.
The third and final major topic covers standards related to testing applications,
including the responsibilities of test users, psychological testing and assessment, educational testing and assessment,
testing in employment
and credentialing, plus testing in program evaluation and public policy.
Evaluation standards
In the field of evaluation, and in particular educational evaluation, the Joint Committee
on Standards for Educational Evaluation[13]
has published three sets of standards for evaluations. The Personnel
Evaluation Standards[14]
was published in 1988, The Program Evaluation Standards (2nd edition)[15]
was published in 1994, and The Student Evaluation Standards[16]
was published in 2003.
Each publication presents and elaborates a set of standards for use in a
variety of educational settings. The standards provide guidelines for
designing, implementing, assessing and improving the identified form of
evaluation. [17]Each
of the standards has been placed in one of four fundamental categories to
promote educational evaluations that are proper, useful, feasible, and
accurate. In these sets of standards, validity and reliability considerations
are covered under the accuracy topic. For example, the student accuracy
standards help ensure that student evaluations will provide sound, accurate,
and credible information about student learning and performance.
Non-human psychometrics: animals and
machines
Psychometrics addresses human abilities, attitudes, traits and
educational evolution. Notably, the study of behavior, mental processes and
abilities of non-human animals is usually addressed by comparative psychology, or with a continuum
between non-human animals and the rest of animals by evolutionary psychology. Nonetheless there
are some advocators for a more gradual transition between the approach taken
for humans and the approach taken for (non-human) animals.[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]
The evaluation of abilities, traits and learning evolution of machines
has been mostly unrelated to the case of humans and non-human animals, with
specific approaches in the area of artificial intelligence. A more integrated
approach, under the name of universal psychometrics, has also been proposed.[22]
Bibliography
- Andrich, D. &
Luo, G. (1993). "A hyperbolic cosine model for unfolding dichotomous
single-stimulus responses". Applied Psychological Measurement 17 (3):
253–276. doi:10.1177/014662169301700307.
- Michell, J. B
(1997). "Quantitative science and the definition of measurement in
psychology". British Journal of Psychology 88 (3): 355–383. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1997.tb02641.x.
- Michell, J. (1999). Measurement in Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
- Rasch, G. (1960/1980). Probabilistic models for some intelligence and
attainment tests. Copenhagen, Danish Institute for Educational Research),
expanded edition (1980) with foreword and afterword by B.D. Wright.
Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
- Reese, T.W.
(1943). "The application of the theory of physical measurement to the
measurement of psychological magnitudes, with three experimental
examples". Psychological Monographs 55: 1–89.
- Stevens, S. S.
(1946). "On the theory of scales of measurement". Science 103
(2684): 677–80. doi:10.1126/science.103.2684.677.
PMID 17750512.
- Thurstone, L.L.
(1927). "A law of comparative judgement". Psychological Review
34 (4): 278–286. doi:10.1037/h0070288.
- Thurstone, L.L. (1929). The Measurement of Psychological Value. In
T.V. Smith and W.K. Wright (Eds.), Essays in Philosophy by Seventeen
Doctors of Philosophy of the University of Chicago. Chicago: Open Court.
- Thurstone, L.L. (1959). The Measurement of Values. Chicago: The
University of Chicago Press.
- http://www.services.unimelb.edu.au/careers/student/interviews/test.html
.Psychometric Assessments University of Melbourne.
- S.F.
Blinkhorn (1997). "Past imperfect, future conditional: fifty
years of test theory". Br. J. Math. Statist. Psychol 50 (2): 175–185.
doi:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1997.tb01139.x.
Written on 26/06/2013 23:08:59HOURS GMT
PSYCHOMETRIC LECTURE TO
POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS TWO DECADES AGO AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA
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understanding this lecture is live at:
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PSYCHOMETRIC FAMILY COUNSELLING
A Kenezian Approach
PSYCHOMETRIC LECTURE TO POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS AT UNN
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A TRIANGULAR PERSPECTIVE FROM THREE
FAMILY HEADS AND SEASONED GRANDPARENTS BELONGING TO A
WELL-KNOWN GENERATION OF IGBOLAND
·
Dr
Jideofo Kenechukwu Danmbaezue
·
Mrs. Alice
Nwakego Chineme Mbaezue
·
Sir Andrew
Okoliukwu Okeukwu
Published and printed in 2007 by
Mbeyi
& Associates (Nig.) Ltd
Okota,
Isolo, Lagos
Tel:
01-7749829, 08033316235
E-mail: mbeyi_associate@yahoo.com
ISBN:
All Rights
Reserved.
No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted, in
any form or by any means; electronic, mechanical,
photocopying,
recording or stored in any retrieval system of any
nature,
without the written permission of the author.
©
DANMBAEZUE J. K., MBAEZUE A.N.C.,
OKEUKWU A. O.
2007
DEDICATION
To all lovers whose hearts had been broken before,
All religious leaders, whose pastoral careers had been dented,
And all prospective bachelors and spinsters of this global village.
PSYCHOMETRIC FAMILY COUNSELLING
Is an original research work done by
HAPPY FAMILY NETWORK INTERNATIONAL
THE FAMILY WELFARE DIVISION OF
KENEZ INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN
ORGANISATION LINKAGE
An inter-ethnic NGO for creating good
neighbourhood parenting units in urban cities for the development of healthy,
successful and happy families in all countries of the world.
Contact:
Dr Jideofo Kenechukwu Danmbaezue
Danis Family Villa, Umuelechi, Umuezeawala,
P. O. Box 139
IHIALA, BIAFURU AMAMIFE ND’IGBO NIME R.O.B
Email: saintkenez@yahoo.co.uk or Website: www.happyfamilynetwork.hpage.com
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The Holy Spirit of the Almighty Creator
wrote this book using us only as chosen instruments to edify the marriage
institution. The procreative activity we engage in was designed by Him and we
are eternally grateful that humans are permitted to participate in His awesome
machinery of replenishing the earth.
The authors appreciate the
contributions of all our counselees in the past decade. These were mainly
engaged couples who were attending the three months mandatory marriage course
organised by the Catholic Church. Others who came from Protestant, Islamic and
Pentecostal backgrounds were couples referred to our clinic by professional
colleagues who knew of our expertise in family therapy. Married couples who had their marital
problems resolved by heeding the marital counselling or the family therapy of
the authors constitute the raison d’etre of this book. Without resolving their
crises successfully, we could not have decided to write this large prophylactic
book. Prevention is better than cure. This is what the book is all about:
teaching new entrants and old practitioners of family life that knowledge
prevents conflicts!
We want to thank all the Bishops, Imams
and Overseers whose parishes were visited weekly or monthly since 1990 to date
and whose parishioners were used as the experimental subjects for producing
this book. They encouraged us at the initial stages of writing simple
pre-marital counselling booklets for adolescents. In like manner, all the
prelates in the English speaking dioceses of West Africa ,
(AECAWA) deserve special thanks for taking the psychological tests across
Nigerian borders. Our course co-ordinators and liaison officers take the
greatest credit for reaching out to all those who needed the family counselling
or therapeutic services of our team. They were the ones who actually
distributed, administered and retrieved the psychological tests, which formed
the base of all therapeutic interventions.
If we made a list of names of all those
that contributed to the success of this book, it would take more than ten pages
and we will surely omit some dear ones who may feel marginalised. We do not
want that to happen. We know and appreciate all of you. All members of Mbeyi
& Associates (Nig.) Ltd merit our sincere gratitude for printing this
excellent book in record time. We also thank our wives and children who had
been very supportive. We have read and re-read the whole book twenty times. We
apologise for any typographical errors anyone might still find in it. It only proves that we are still only mortal
beings with human frailties. Therefore, we pray that the Founding
Architect/Engineer of the marriage institution, the ALMIGHTY GOD, the Creator
of us all, will always bless us all and equally prosper the work of our hands
and provide divine guidance and protection for our spouses and children. We
wish all our readers happy anniversaries of their wedlock.
***N/B: Due to lack of statistics on
families in Nigeria and Africa as a whole, we were forced to rely heavily on
examples/statistics we downloaded from Encyclopaedias and the Internet. We thank all our oversea
collaborating authors whom we quoted as resource persons. We hope you
appreciate our labours. We wish you all happy reading!
FOREWORD
I was a co-founder of the Department of
Psychology, University of Lagos , in the early 1970s with my mentor: Prof. A. C.
Mundy-Castle, who had recruited me way back in England Nigeria University College Hospital ,
Ibadan
Jude Kenechukwu Mbaezue was his full
name, if my spelling is still correct. He made an indelible mark on my mind,
for he was not only precocious and far ahead of his peers in academics, but he
was equally an unorthodox divergent thinker that challenged every new theory
thrust upon him. Initially he irritated me in class. Later, by his third year I
admired and respected him when I saw the benefits I gained from his stubborn
stance of ‘not swallowing every novel concept churned out by neo-colonial
psychologists,’ as he called them. He never stopped amazing me with insightful
questions. However, when I learnt he was the only direct-entry student with a
Second Class Honours degree in Classical Philosophy, the mystery was resolved.
As a committed social psychologist, I perceived he was going to turn into a
pragmatic research fellow in the future.
I returned to Britain Great Britain
I agree totally with the analyses the
authors proffer on the immediate and remote causes of infidelity in marriage
that eventually lead to unfaithfulness, adultery and divorce;
In today’s world, adolescents rarely know what marriage is all about
before venturing into it. Unprepared and inexperienced, they dabble in and out
as often as the laws allow them to! To stem the tide, parents, pastors and
counsellors need to re-educate the youth if we hope to reverse the trend of
increases in divorce rate globally. What then, are the remote and immediate
causes of divorces? They are: social prejudices inculcated in the child
through wrong child-rearing customs; emotional immaturity caused by incomplete
resolution of the developmental tasks of adolescence; warped attitudes or
negative perceptions picked from print and electronic media; and finally,
myopic expectations from the marriage institution that eventually lead to
infidelity or adultery.
Whoever reads, studies, digests,
understands and assimilates what is contained herein, may confidently regard
him/herself as a professional marriage or family counsellor. I must, however,
quickly add that to become a family therapist requires earning at least a
Master’s degree in that special field of medical knowledge called: clinical
psychology. The effective use of a variety of therapeutic methods with his
psychological tests as described in the manuals: demands competency in
non-parametric statistics. This involves accurate procedures regarding their administration,
scoring, evaluation, analysis and application in existential/client-centred
therapeutics dealing with individuals or groups.
I recommend the three-part textbook to
any institution: religious, government or non-governmental organisation that desires
to train out a preventive workforce that can reverse the current trend of
divorce worldwide. This is the ultimate objective of the three authors.
The Kenez I knew had the knack of
influencing others to become involved in prophylactic programmes. He had always
had the skill of easily transferring his knowledge to any enthusiastic friend.
I am certain that was how fifty couples became freelance family counsellors
within ten years under his tutelage. One, therefore, wonders how only two
earned his admiration and subsequently merited being chosen as co-authors with
this brilliant research fellow, a committed revolutionary and a radical
psychologist. Anyone who knows Sir Kenez well knows that he is a perfectionist
and it is very hard to meet his standards or satisfy his ideals.
I will advise childless couples to
start reading the book from the last page to peruse Appendix B entitled: INFERTILITY IN HUMANS, PROPHYLAXIS AND
THERAPEUTICS.
Inspect the entire book and choose
where you need help most. Prospective partners and newly married couples can
read from page one till they get to the end over a five-year period.
Encourage your lovely kids to seek and
consult family counsellors to benefit from pre-marital counselling before
settling down to a happy married life.
Prof. R. P. Bundy,
Emeritus Professor of Social Psychology,
Email: robby_jennybundy@yahoo.co.uk
PREFACE
This is a condensation of twenty-five years of practice in existential
family counselling engaged by the authors.
It started in 1970 and the research findings you are about to peruse are
the same all over the globe.
Many parents are ill-prepared to groom their offspring on the roles and
duties of responsible parenthood. They were not tutored on how best to rear the
fruits of love-making. Therefore, they rear another generation of ill-equipped
fathers and mothers. Whereas reproductive skills are innate in Homo sapiens,
proper attitudes towards the basics of family engineering are not. One does not go to school to study how to
fall in and out of love. One does not
learn how to copulate. However, one must
imbibe the right perceptions of the objectives of family institution to ensure
a healthy, successful and happy married life! These facts bring to our
consciousness the remote causes of the high rates of divorces and separations
globally.
In today’s world, adolescents rarely know what marriage is all about
before venturing into it. Unprepared and inexperienced, they dabble in and out
as often as the laws allow them to! To stem the tide, parents, pastors and
counsellors need to educate the youth if we hope to reverse the trend of
increases in divorce rate globally. What then, are the remote and immediate
causes of divorces?
They are: social prejudices inculcated in the child through wrong
child-rearing customs; emotional immaturity caused by incomplete resolution of
the developmental tasks of adolescence;,
warped attitudes or negative perceptions picked from print and electronic
media; and finally, myopic expectations from the marriage institution that
eventually lead to infidelity or adultery.
It is the ardent wish of this existential therapist and his team of
concerned para-counsellors, that have assisted him over a quarter of a century,
that all parents make the reading, studying and assimilation of the contents of
this textbook on pre-marital counselling compulsory for their children if they
really want their precious kids to live better lives than they did. For engaged
couples, this is a must-read! It will consolidate their wedlock if they can
practise what they learn. This is their undergraduate curriculum: their lecture
series on the theory and practice of responsible parenthood.
Three booklets that are fore-runners to this comprehensive one are:
1. AM I
QUALIFIED FOR MARRIAGE?
2. FAMILY
COUNSELLING, A Psychometric Approach and
3. AM I
PREPARED FOR RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD?
This innovative and timely textbook will make the training of family
counsellors simpler for tertiary institutions that already have school guidance
counselling programmes. For religious leaders who are concerned that many
weddings they officiated at crumble in less than six months after, now have
this enriched self-tutorial handbook they can use to train pastoral counsellors
in their various congregations.
This work, which took twenty five years to assemble, is actually three
books in one. The common denominator in the three sections is that the entire
textbook, in a cyclic manoeuvre treats “The Theory and Practice of …
· MARRIAGE
/ FAMILY COUNSELLING
· EXISTENTIAL
FAMILY THERAPY and
· PSYCHOMETRIC
SKILLS IN FAMILY COUNSELLING
This is done in such an inter-related manner that a good student, who
assimilates all, ends up becoming an eclectic counsellor, as well as a
competent therapist on graduation.
Part I covers the biological,
physiological and other scientific grounds on which the professional training
of marriage and family counsellors is built.
Part II introduces the
non-philosopher, theologian or psychologist to the building blocks on which
existential therapy is constructed, as well as emphasizing the need for
eclecticism.
Part III wraps up the
entire comprehensive textbook with the use of current psychometric tools that a
skilled modern counsellor or therapist can use instead of merely doing
guesswork or religious preaching.
This is definitely a scientific practitioner’s manual for effectiveness
and efficiency in injecting family health, social success and optimum happiness
into all families. Essentially therefore, what our objective has been all this
while is to elevate FAMILY COUNSELLORS AND FAMILY THERAPISTS to the scientific
era of standing shoulder high in any health institution as professionals.
However, this elevation can only be realistic if one internalises what is
graphically deposited herein. Like I had noted in FAMILY COUNSELLING - A
Psychometric Approach, printed by Mbeyi & Associates (Nig.) Ltd, Okota,
Lagos that preceded this comprehensive one; “Family Counselling in Nigeria
is new, when viewed as a professional job involving the formal face-to-face
consultations between a counselee and a competent marital counsellor.” See p. x (1995).
My people say that one does not ask an
adult to step out of the scorching heat of the sun! And ‘the words of our
elders are words of wisdom’. Sir A. O.
Okeukwu recaptured the ideal African concept of a family in his introductory
expose. Enjoy it. Good luck!
CHAPTER ONE
MARITAL CUSTOMS AND LAWS IN IGBO LAND
Sir Andrew Okoliukwu Okeukwu, KSJ
A form of marriage has
been found to exist in all human societies, past and present. Its importance
can be seen in the elaborate rituals and complex laws that surround it.
Although these laws and rituals are as varied and numerous as human cultural
organizations are, there are some universals that do apply in each society. The
legal function of marriage is to ensure the sexual rights of the partners with
respect to each other and to define the relationships of children within a
community. Marriage has historically conferred a legitimate status on an offspring. It entitles him or her to the various privileges set down by the traditions of a particular community, which includes the rights of legitimate participation in the activities of the kindred, ownership and inheritance of properties and privileges accruing to the family lineage. In most societies, marriage establishes the permissible social relations allowed to bona fide members, including the acceptable selection of future spouses.
Until the late 20th Century, marriage was rarely a matter of free choice. In Western societies, romantic love between spouses came to be associated with marriage, but in most other developing nations of the world, this was not the primary motive for the choice of spouses in matrimony. One's marriage partner was carefully chosen. In Igbo land for example, many norms and mores determine the legality of each marriage!
Endogamy, the practice of marrying someone from within one's own ethnic group is the oldest social regulation of marriage. When the forms of communication with outside groups are limited, endogamous marriage is a natural consequence. Cultural pressures to marry within one's social, economic, and ethnic group are still very strongly enforced in some societies in
Exogamy, the practice of marrying outside the group, is found in societies in which kinship relations are the most complex, thus barring from marriage, large groups who may trace their lineage to a common ancestor. Once there is any blood relationship, the engagement is cancelled. This is where the Igbo surpasses other ethnic groups in enforcing pre-marital genetical counselling.
In our traditional societies in which the African extended family system remains the basic unit, marriages are usually arranged by elders in each concerned family unit. The assumption is that love between the partners comes after marriage and more thought is given to the socioeconomic advantages accruing to the larger family from the marriage than romantic love. By contrast, in modern societies that have accepted western lifestyles where Christianity and nuclear family predominates, educated young adults now opt to choose their own mates. It is assumed that love determines proper marriage, and less thought is normally given to the socioeconomic aspects of the match. However, this has increased divorce rates due to misconceptions of the traditional values attached to the pre-literate marriage customs that ensured the longevity of marriages.
What is a family in Igbo land?
The answer is simple. “Ezi-na-ulo”, is
what the Igbo call it. Literally, it simply means “members of a compound and a
house”. Therefore, a family comprises those members who share their lives
together within a household located in a compound. Naturally, there is a father plus a mother of
the home and a compound in which they live in and happily interact. The father
is the king of his domain. He has married a wife or wives and has subsequently
produced children. He takes responsibility for all their needs:
· Shelter, Food and Clothing
· Hospital Bills and School Fees
· Defence and Transport
· Loans and Investment
In short, our people are right by
calling him “DIBIA-ULO” - the doctor who diagnoses and treats all the problems
in his house. To be a ‘dibia’- implies a protracted training as apprentice,
internship and housemanship before freedom to start one’s own medical practice.
So it is implied that a teenager or an adolescent who has not endured the long
tutelage under his father can never be a good dibia-ulo. Another saying of our people brings out the real job of
a husband: “Okokporo anaghi ama mgbe
ogara na ama ogo ya” (a bachelor hardly knows when he has passed the road
that leads to the homestead of his father-in-law). What I think this implies is
the need for keen observation of the local norms and mores of the community,
the absence of which translates into an irresponsible husband that is not good
as future son-in-law.
To be a dibia-ulo therefore:
· One must have
a compound he calls his own before contemplating marriage.
· The bachelor
must make his own nest as a fowl does when it is preparing to lay eggs.
· A prospective
husband must not only have a place to call his “ezi” but must also build a
homestead, “ulo,” where he hopes to pack in with his future bride and begin to
produce babies. So he must be self-reliant, independent and buoyant enough to
settle all the hospital bills surrounding pregnancy and child birth.
· It is only then that he is qualified to seek a
bride. But today, what do we find; sons still living under the roof of their
parents marrying. It is a shame. Some even impregnate a girl and run home to
beg daddy to foot the bills for formal engagement and marriage rites.
In summary: A Family in a traditional
Igbo setting comprises;
A.
A responsible man that builds a home,
B.
At least a man and a woman with their children,
C.
The wife or wives are dependent on him,
D.
He is the mechanic, the plumber and doctor of the family,
E.
He shoulders the good, the bad and the ugly in his home,
F.
His failure to take good care of the wife spells divorce and a broken
home.
In societies with
arranged marriages, the universal custom is that someone acts as an
intermediary or matchmaker.
This is very true in Igbo communities, whereby the intermediary's chief
responsibility is to arrange a marriage that will be satisfactory to the two
families represented. Some form of dowry or bride price is almost always
exchanged in societies that favour such arranged marriages. This is more like
an insurance policy that preserves the life of the marriage when problems
arise! On the other hand, among the educated class, especially those that want
to exhibit their acquired western education, youths are allowed to choose their
own mates. Dating
is permitted so that spouses-to-be meet and become acquainted with their
prospective marriage partners and members of their families. Successful dating
may result in courtship that usually leads to formal traditional marriage rites
and religious weddings.
In Igbo land, marriage is a village
affair or in the least, a kindred affair, whereby it is not only the bridegroom
that is the husband of the new bride but all his kinsmen and women. The woman
is called: ‘our wife’ by the people.
Therefore to marry in our culture entails pre-marital investigations or
research into the family backgrounds of both bride and groom. This is the
unique aspect of traditional marriage that benefits the couple. It is the most
advantageous aspect of Igbo wisdom. Whereas Western societies resort to
professional marriage counsellors and family therapists, we have this
pre-marital counselling done for the couple before their formal wedding.
It has so many advantages:
1. It excludes genetic diseases if properly conducted,
2. It pre-empts anti-social behavioural traits in the offspring,
3. It protects most of the community’s religious taboos,
4. It enforces traditional norms and mores,
5. It protects the newly married bride from inordinate
jealousies, and finally
6. It publicises that one is no more a bachelor or a
spinster.
In our culture, the first is the most
important parameter for the marriage to get the blessings of parents and members
of the African extended family system. One really wonders how our ancestors
were able to fathom the need for this PRE-MARITAL GENETICAL COUNSELLING long
before the arrival of the first white man on the shores of Africa
and prior to the arrival of Western medicine, psychology, sociology or
anthropology and Christianity.
Some of these shall be the focus of our
discussions in this comprehensive textbook on scientific family counselling. As
an existential family therapist of thirty-five years standing and the father of
seven married sons and three daughters, let me share my varied experiences of
counselling them with fellow parents-to-be. We need to go back to our roots to
reduce the current increase in divorce rate and failed marriages.
THE
GREATEST GIFT OF OUR CREATOR
THE MYSTERY OF HUMAN REPRODUCTION
THE ORIGINAL SATIRICAL DEDICATION
THAT THE PUBLISHER THREW OUT
To all lovers
whose hearts had been broken before.
It is definitely not the end of the world as they would soon find out.
Adam’s heart was the first to be broken! He survived it even though he lost his
composure and therefore refrained from naming any children his wife bore until
the arrival of the one “in his likeness and in his own image“; whom he quickly
named; Seth. Joseph, the Carpenter, also survived his marital crisis when he
listened to a midnight divine counselling from an angel and implemented what he
was told in the dream. Your broken hearts can also be mended by this book.
See KJV of
the Bible
To all Religious Leaders whose pastoral careers had been
dented.
The fact that they witnessed the collapse of marriages; whose
ceremonies they presided over barely three months after their high society
celebrations; does not make news. It is common all over the globe. That the
wedding was the talk of the town did not preclude the crash because the
personalities of the partners were not evaluated by psychological tests and so
they were not matched socio- economically nor psycho-politically. This book
provides alternative remedies!
To all
prospective bachelors and spinsters of this global village,
Who deserve better pre-marital counselling that should correspond with
the emerging trends in romantic love. Physical attraction alone that leads to
indulgence in pre-marital sex spells social insecurity for those lacking
emotional maturity. This is one of the remote causes of the current desecration
of the marriage institution that precede separations and divorces in most
countries of the world. This psychometric book is a prophylactic approach to
remedy the social malaise whereby couples are enduring their marriages instead
of enjoying them. Buy and give copies to your loved ones. Good Luck!
INTERDISCIPLINARY
PEER-REVIEWS
The psychological tests
developed by my professional colleague deserve annual reviews in our
ever-changing world. They definitely need enculturation for those communities
whose socio-cultural milieus differ significantly from the Igbo world-view in
which they were synthesized. Besides this extraneous variable, I congratulate
this revolutionary clinician, Flt Lt Dr J. K. D. Mbaezue (rtd), who rejected so
many teaching appointments and settled for the tedious job of providing
indigenous inventories, scales and tests for the counselling world. I was the
first to get his psychological test on marriage compatibility, which he
developed in Abakaliki in 1984. He has come a long way. He belongs to the
second genre of Nigerian-trained clinical psychologists after Prof. P. Omoluabi
of the University of Lagos and I of the University of Nigeria
Prof. Bernice N. Ezeilo,
Professor of Clinical Psychology, UNN.
Sir Kenez 007 was my admirer
way back in 1973 without my knowledge. I only got to know this after his
numerous visits to our alma-mater to seek my counsel in all his research
efforts many years later. I have followed his clinical career since 1979 when
he gained admission into the School of
Medicine , College
of Medical Sciences of the Ugbowo
Campus of University
of Benin Medical College Africa
authenticates his ingenuity in private practice. I had the unique privilege of
criticising, modifying and shaping his standardisation methods. We disagreed
occasionally. He understood and appreciated them in good faith. Enjoy the
fruits of our academic rigmaroles. They will make your marriage and family life
happy self-fulfilling. He also has three career psychological tests for school
guidance counsellors.
Prof. Peter Omoluabi, Professor
of Clinical Psychology & Dean, Soc. Sciences, UNILAG
Dr J. K. Danmbaezue is my
military mentor and an elder brother. We confide in each other. For years, I
wondered why he refused lecturing in academic institutions as his peers did,
where he could have reached the professorial position that he deserves. Today,
I am wiser. I quartered him for the ninety days he spent in Lagos
Pastor Nicholas Mbaezue-Daniel,
General Overseer, Evangel Chapel, Lekki Area, Lagos
This book can be divided into
three sections as we have in medicine, namely;
Part I in our medical parlance
is the same as ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF MARRIAGE,
Part II in like manner is
exactly the THEORY& PRACTICE OF FAMILY THERAPY, while
Part III is CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS,
DIAGNOSIS AND PSYCHOTHERAPEUTICS.
I can now say that we have a new
profession midwifed by this radical psychologist who never ceases to amaze me
with alternative ways of looking at everything. He animates his environment and
turns a depressive occasion into a vibrant one with his creative jokes and
anecdotes. I assure you, he has a bagful of them at anytime. ‘Laughter is the Best Medicine’ is his
gospel, furthermore his presence in any gathering turns into a hilarious one
punctuated with therapeutic vibes from all branches of knowledge. The
DEDICATION page of this book proves me right. However, don’t take him on
religious diatribes unless you have made up your mind to become an apostate. He
was dreaded as a reincarnation of Martin Luther and so he left the seminary.
Prof. Alexius C. J. Ezeoke, Emeritus
Professor of Chemical Pathology, UNEC/UNTH, Enugu
“Dr Danmbaezue and his colleagues have
shown that Marriage & Family Counselling can be scientific like other
branches of medicine. It is to our credit that our continuous interaction with
him throughout our ten-year research on HIV-AIDS has paid off. He has shown his
ability to transform a profession many regard as a subjective one into an
objective, quantifiable and replicable one. The psychological tests he
developed and standardised over a period of twenty five years are the tools
that have raised the Counselling Profession into an enviable one.”
Prof. Bede C.
Ibeh, Professor of Paediatrics, Fmr. DVC UNEC & Dean of Medicine, UNTH, Enugu
“I didn’t know what the word ‘workaholic’ implied
till the third year of my marriage to Dr Kenez. Now, I am a professor when it
comes to explaining it. Combine a divergent thinker and a perfectionist, mix
the result with a radical revolutionary and add a pinch of enthusiasm in
academic excellence, what you get is a workaholic. Workaholics do not look at the clock when
deadlines are to be met. A page is read and re-read a hundred times if that is
what it costs to have an error-free script. God save any secretary that marries
such a human machine. Thanks to the arrival of laptops, I have been relieved of
taking shorthand notes at midnight and transcribing them before noon the next
day! I doff my hat to the wizards who
invented these secretarial gadgets called; computers. They came to my
rescue. However, the silver lining in our
home is that he is very humorous when the task is finished. He then becomes
human once more by metamorphosing into a laughter-machine churning out jokes
that are not only sarcastic and romantic but at times heretical and
sacrilegious. This book is his seventh, whereas we have only three children by
choice. May be when other women count their children, I’ll have to add seven to
the three human beings to give me a winning number of ten.” He has no bank accounts
and insurance policies. I gave him this title; ‘Ph.D in everything’ when he
expounded his theory, ‘a man who has five mouths to feed 7760 hours annually is
already operating five bank accounts’. Do you agree?
Oyiridiya I of Umuelechi a.k.a Mrs.ANC Mbaezue, HOD,
Business Education, ESCE (T) Enugu
The eagle has landed. The publication
of this masterpiece is a realisation of my utmost dream. Neophyte parents and
grandparents can now give their progeny a wedding gift more precious than gold
and silver. I know that some cellular phones cost more than two hundred
thousand naira, yet young adults buy them. Our book forestalls all the errors
such youth often make in selecting marriage partners. They are easily misled by
the glittering appearances and sex appeal of their would-be spouses. They are
mistaken. I know, because I have ten such youths from my groins.
Incompatibility in thoughts, words and deeds are the foundation stones of an
insecure marriage destined for heartaches, heartbreaks and eventual divorce.
The older generation hadn’t the opportunity of using psychological tests to
evaluate their choices of life-partners. Now, the younger generations have no
excuses. “Had I known; blab – blab – blab” is only for fools who refuse to use
the contents of this book on the issue. Avoid the mistakes we made. Use them to
select the best option of a life-time partner and make the necessary
psycho-socio-economic adjustment you
need before signing on the dotted lines.
Among the Igbos, the words of elders are often the words of wisdom. God
guide you if you heed my advice.
Sir Andrew Okoliukwu Okeukwu, KSJ
International, DURURAKU I of Oru West LGA. Imo State
A hunter shot down an eagle in a
typical tropical forest in 1969. Fate, however, still led him to the nest of
the female eagle he had shot. He rescued the hatchlings, three in number, he
saw in the nest. He took them home and asked his wife to rear them as other
semi-domesticated hens they had. The mother-hen taught the eaglets to feed as
her chicks did.
Of the three, only one survived for two
years. One was carried by a kite. The other was lost in a torrential downpour
during the rainy season. The sole survivor turned out to be a male at a year
and half and wrestled to death another kite that swooped down to steal another
chick. The hunter dotted on it for that bravery, but he never regretted being
the murderer of its mother.
The brave eaglet fed by scratching the
ground and eating worms or insects as the mother hen had taught her brood. One day, a white-headed real eagle swooped
down cackling; you don’t belong there,
look at your wings, come off the ground, you belong to the sky, I’ll teach you
to fly and feed like a royal eagle and hunt like me. The brave eaglet
swung into action. After five minutes of stampeding and fluttering its wings,
hopped onto a nearby log of wood and took its first flight in two years of
captivity and soared into the sky. He looked down on the hunter, his wife, the
mother-hen and its chicks as if bidding them goodbye. That brave eaglet that flew off to independence is Dr Kenez, the Hunter
is Nigeria, the hunter’s wife is Nigerian Universities Commission, the
mother-hen is NAP, Nigerian Association of
Psychologists and the chicks are the numerous classroom, chalk and
blackboard professors. You can win two hundred dollars if you mail to us
the correct identity of the mother eagle. Use our e-mail or telephone numbers
shown in this book. Attach a scanned copy of your purchase receipt.
Barr. James Mmegwa, LLB (London 1959), Rtd District Attorney, Ihiala LGA, Anambra State
“Ägunabu
Umuelechi, Dr Kenez, is my protégé and a war veteran of Degema Strike Force of
the Biafran Commandos during the fratricidal civil war in Nigeria
He sees
alternatives where others do not. That is his trade mark. For example; The Igbo say that a baby sitter employed to
carry a newborn has no need to stay any longer when the infant dies. Most
people agree, but Dr Kenez disagrees! He has two more alternatives; the babysitter more often than not, is a
female and so she can wait till another baby is born. If the waiting passes
five years and there is none, then she can rightly depose the madam of the
house and bear a child for the man who employed her. Don’t laugh!
Psychometric Family Counselling, a Kenezian
Approach” is the actualisation of that Kenezian
philosophy of life. Since our Ministers of Education and other Educational
Administrators have refused to play their roles and duties as regards the
ever-increasing rates of divorce nation-wide and internationally, a solution
has been provided by this original thinker after twenty-five years of research.
This type of textbook has been long overdue in our Colleges of Education and
Universities, because there was no standard book for lecturing, training,
examining and producing competent Marriage and Family Counsellors. That excuse is now history!
The
curriculum for training out scientific counsellors and efficient therapists is
here at last. Therefore, the ball is now in the courts of the NUC, our
Educational Administrators and our Commissioners for Social Development, Youths
and Sports to canvass for a unit in every tertiary institution to stem the tide
of family disintegration worldwide. The era of no pre-marital counselling for
our beloved children is gone. All Government and NGOs as well as Religious
Organisations, now have the appropriate instruments and tools to slow down the
pandemic of pathological marriages resulting in separations and divorces. Here, I rest my case.
Onowu Dr Chris A. Ezike, FRCS (London
The production cost of this comprehensive textbook
is; 991.000 man-hours plus $180 per copy of the coloured ones. So, our cover
price of $200 is very cheap when compared to the cost of wrist watches,
ear-rings, wedding suits or gowns and cakes or the benefits new couples derive
from its well-researched content that ensures a stable and happy marriage. This
is the best birthday or wedding present for your lovely children. For students
who want to become professional counsellors, it is definitely a worthwhile investment that will
earn them a living.
MAY THE ALMIGHTY CREATOR REWARD EACH OF
US WITH PEACE AND LONGLIFE!
CALL FOR FOUNDATION MEMBERS OF FAMILY LIFE
COLLEGE
After several years of conducting family counselling and therapy
services, we have decided to tackle the problem head on by establishing an
institute where the youth can be given the opportunity of learning first hand
what marriage is all about every long vacation for ages 15 - 25. Join us today.
THE MISSION STATEMENT OF FAMILY LIFE
COLLEGE
Every individual
nature is part of the cosmos. To live virtuously means to live in accord with
one's nature, to live according to the natural and eternal laws the designer of
the universe intended by employing truth and right reason in all we do. Because
passion and emotion are considered irrational movements of the soul, the wise
individual seeks to eradicate the passions and consciously embrace the rational
life. “True law is right reason in agreement with Nature; it is of universal
application, unchanging and everlasting; it summons to duty by its commands and
averts from wrongdoing by its prohibitions. . . . There will not be
different laws at different countries or communities, or different laws now and
in the future, but one eternal and unchangeable law will be valid for all
nations and for all times.” The laws governing all living things; birth,
growth, respiration, movement, nutrition, excretion, reproduction and finally
death hold sway in every place on planet earth under normal temperature and
pressure. Humans have the same anatomy and physiology despite our differing
languages, child-rearing practices, skin colour, racial differences and social
statuses. We are the offspring of the Almighty Creator of the macrocosms and
microcosms we share. Our survival in our variety of physical environment
follows the same laws. No man is an island. We need each other!Rev. Prof. J. J. Kenez also contends that natural laws are sacrosanct for they were made by the Almighty Architect and Engineer who created every being on planet; EARTH. They are divine and eternal; because they are universal and are no respecters of places and times of birth, parentage, race, educational level or religion! There are so many self-evident examples; the movement of the sun and moon regulate the hours of day, night, weeks, months and years; so also do gravity, temperature, pressure, emotion, motivation, conception, pregnancy, labour and birth regulate family life. If anyone disagrees, let him provide evidence to the contrary. The founders of
·
ONE ALMIGHTY CREATOR, ONE CREATED UNIVERSE, ONE HUMAN
FAMILY,
ONE GLOBAL FAITH and ONE
MODE OF WORSHIP; is our creed
·
SERVICE TO
HUMANITY INTERNATIONALLY, is the lifestyle of all members,
·
LOYALTY TO
THE ABSOLUTE TRUTH, in every thought, word or deed is our ethics &
·
OBEDIENCE TO
NATURAL & ETERNAL LAWS OF THE CREATOR, is our gospel
If you want to be a foundation member
of the board of directors for this humanitarian FAMILY LIFE COLLEGE send us a
proposal of what you can contribute and attach a brief CV, your contact
addresses and a current passport sized photo of yourself.
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